Storage & Backup

AZ-801 Weight


Storage Accounts

A storage account is the namespace for Azure Storage services. One account can hold blobs, files, queues, and tables.

Replication Options

LRS   Locally Redundant    3 copies, 1 zone, 1 region      Cheapest, no HA
ZRS   Zone Redundant       3 copies, 3 zones, 1 region     Good HA
GRS   Geo Redundant        6 copies, 2 regions              DR capable
GZRS  Geo+Zone Redundant  6 copies, 3+3 zones, 2 regions  Best protection
RA-GRS / RA-GZRS          Same as above + readable failover

Exam: GRS replicates to a paired region but the secondary is read-only by default. RA-GRS makes it readable (for extra cost).

Storage Account Types

Type Supports Use
Standard General Purpose v2 Blob, Files, Queue, Table Most workloads
Premium Block Blob Blob only Low-latency blob access
Premium File Shares Files only High-perf file shares
Premium Page Blob Page blobs (VM disks) Unmanaged disks

Blob Storage

Best for: large objects, images, videos, backups, logs, static website files.

Access Tiers

Tier Storage cost Retrieval Min storage duration
Hot Highest Immediate None
Cool Medium Immediate 30 days
Cold Low Immediate 90 days
Archive Lowest 1–15 hours (rehydration) 180 days

Lifecycle Management Policy — automatically move blobs between tiers:

After 30 days → move to Cool
After 90 days → move to Cold
After 365 days → move to Archive
After 730 days → delete

Blob Access Control

Method Scope Use
Access Key Full account Emergency / admin only
SAS Token Container or blob, time-limited Temporary access for apps
AAD + RBAC Fine-grained Recommended for managed identities
Anonymous public access Container/blob Public content only

Exam: SAS tokens are preferred over access keys for third-party access. Keys = full access to the account.

Soft Delete

Protects against accidental deletion — deleted blobs retained for 1–365 days. Enable on every storage account.

Immutable Storage (WORM)

Write Once, Read Many — blobs cannot be modified or deleted during retention period.

  • Time-based retention — set period (e.g. 7 years)
  • Legal hold — indefinite until hold is released
  • Required for: financial records, healthcare (HIPAA), legal compliance

Azure Files

Network file shares accessible via SMB (Windows/Mac/Linux) or NFS (Linux).

On-premises or Azure VM
      ↓ Mount via SMB/NFS
  \\storageaccount.file.core.windows.net\sharename
Feature Details
Max share size 100 TB
Max file size 4 TB
Snapshots Point-in-time share snapshots
Azure File Sync Sync on-prem file server with Azure Files

Azure File Sync

Cache frequently used files on-premises while tiering older files to Azure.

On-prem file server ←──[File Sync]──→ Azure Files
Local cache of hot files        Full copy in cloud

Azure Backup

Recovery Services Vault

Central hub for backup. Configure policies, store backups, manage recovery.

What Can Be Backed Up

Resource Agent required Recovery types
Azure VMs None (snapshot-based) Full VM, file/folder, disk
SQL in Azure VM SQL Backup extension Full, differential, log
Azure Files None Share snapshots
On-prem (MARS) MARS agent File/folder, system state
On-prem (DPM/MABS) DPM/MABS agent Full workloads

Backup Policy

Define: frequency (daily/weekly) and retention (30 days, 1 year, 7 years).

Example policy:
  Daily backup → retain 30 days
  Weekly backup → retain 12 weeks
  Monthly backup → retain 12 months
  Yearly backup → retain 5 years

Restore Options

Option Description
Create new VM Full VM restore to new VM
Replace existing Overwrite existing VM’s disks
Restore disks Create disk, attach manually
File Recovery Mount backup as disk, copy individual files

Exam: File Recovery is useful when you only need to restore a single file, not the whole VM.


Azure Site Recovery (ASR)

Disaster recovery — replicates VMs to a secondary region continuously.

Primary region (running VMs)
         ↓ continuous replication
Secondary region (standby copies)

On disaster: Failover → run from secondary
After recovery: Failback → return to primary
Concept Value
RPO ~30 seconds for Azure-to-Azure replication
RTO Minutes (automated failover)
Cost Per VM per month (~$25 + target infrastructure)

Recovery Plans

Script the failover sequence — VMs start in the right order, with optional pre/post scripts.


Managed Disks vs Unmanaged

  Managed Unmanaged
Storage account Azure manages You manage
Limits No storage account limits 20,000 IOPS cap per account
Snapshots Built-in Manual
Recommendation Always use Legacy only

Disk Snapshots

Point-in-time copy of a managed disk. Incremental — only changed blocks stored.

Snapshot → Create new disk from snapshot → Attach to VM

Exam Checklist

  • Name the 4 replication options (LRS, ZRS, GRS, RA-GRS) and when to use each
  • Explain blob access tiers and lifecycle policies
  • Compare access key vs SAS token vs AAD RBAC for blob access
  • Explain soft delete and immutable storage
  • Describe Azure Backup and Recovery Services Vault
  • Explain the difference between VM restore options (full VM vs file recovery)
  • Explain ASR and the failover/failback process
  • Explain RPO and RTO in a disaster recovery context